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The method, in the open

Manent is grounded in science

Each module of the system, tied to its principle and its source — updated July 10, 2026

Manent is not a bundle of tricks: every choice in the system corresponds to a documented principle. This page is the complete map, module by module. Three kinds of foundation, shown as such:

🔬 Scientific research — published, cited work 📐 Public methodology — documented, verifiable frameworks 🛡 Standard and legal framework — official texts
Our wording is deliberately careful: each module is designed drawing on the cited principle — we never claim that a study "validates" our product. And science alone is not enough: it states the principle, we measure the result on your corpus — that is the green line in each module below. The deeper dives live in our "What the science says" guides.
🔬 Scientific research

Exact citation — the file, the section, the page

In Manent

Every indexed excerpt carries its locator (file, section, page — down to the timecode of a video) from the moment of extraction, never reconstructed after the fact. Every answer displays its sources and opens the original at the cited page.

The principle

Grounding generation in retrieved documents (retrieval-augmented generation) reduces factual errors and makes every answer verifiable by a human.

The source

Lewis, P. et al. (2020). Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks. NeurIPS.

What we measure at your site: citation accuracy is measured by a test bench run on YOUR corpus, claim by claim — never a generic figure copied from a brochure.
🔬 Scientific research

Grounding verification — each claim against its source

In Manent

Every answer is broken down into claims, and each one is verified against the cited sources. An unsupported claim is flagged — never papered over.

The principle

Language models produce plausible but sometimes unfounded statements — a risk documented by research, which calls for verification independent of the generation. A 2026 study (DELEGATE-52, Microsoft Research) shows that even the best models silently distort documents over long tasks — which makes this verification, on every answer, indispensable.

The sources

Ji, Z. et al. (2023). Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation. ACM Computing Surveys.
Laban, P. et al. (2026). LLMs Corrupt Your Documents When You Delegate (DELEGATE-52). Microsoft Research.

What we measure at your site: a grounding score per answer. When measurement is impossible, the system says "unavailable" — it never displays a fake score.
🔬 Scientific research

The right to stay silent — the confidence cascade

In Manent

Every answer is classified: extracted word for word from your documents, a synthesis marked as interpretation, clarifying questions, or an honest acknowledgment of a documentary blind spot. Safety content is never rephrased — it is cited exactly as written.

The principle

A reliable prediction system must be able to abstain when its confidence is insufficient (selective classification); models carry a confidence signal that can be exploited to this end. Conversely, a model that does not know when to stop drifts silently — this is the mechanism brought to light by DELEGATE-52.

The sources

El-Yaniv, R. & Wiener, Y. (2010). On the Foundations of Noise-free Selective Classification. Journal of Machine Learning Research.
Kadavath, S. et al. (2022). Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know.
Laban, P. et al. (2026). LLMs Corrupt Your Documents When You Delegate (DELEGATE-52). Microsoft Research.

What we measure at your site: the distribution of YOUR questions by answer level. An abstention is counted as good behavior — never hidden in the statistics.
🔬 Scientific research

Hybrid search — the part number AND the badly phrased question

In Manent

Every question queries both a lexical index and a semantic index, fused then re-ranked — the exact code "RR42" and "the machine makes a weird noise at startup" both find their page.

The principle

The BM25 probabilistic framework remains one of the most robust foundations of document retrieval; combining it with semantic search covers both families of field questions.

The source

Robertson, S. & Zaragoza, H. (2009). The Probabilistic Relevance Framework: BM25 and Beyond. Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval.

What we measure at your site: a retrieval bench (does the right page come out first?) run before/after each improvement step on your knowledge base — progress is proven, not asserted.
🔬 Scientific research

Mandatory human validation — the AI proposes, the human decides

In Manent

No knowledge card becomes official without the approval of YOUR experts. Every publication is reversible — a withdrawn card disappears from answers immediately.

The principle

Human-AI interaction guidelines recommend keeping human control over consequential actions and offering efficient, reversible corrections.

The source

Amershi, S. et al. (2019). Guidelines for Human-AI Interaction. ACM CHI.

What we measure at your site: cards approved, rejected and withdrawn, traced by client space — governance is read, it is not guessed.
🔬 Scientific research

Capturing tacit knowledge — experience becomes writing that stays

In Manent

When the documentation has no answer, the conversation becomes a draft of a structured card (symptom, cause, fix) submitted for validation. The knowledge of your best people becomes writing — and writing stays.

The principle

Critical organizational knowledge is largely tacit: it lives in the heads of experts and is lost when they leave if it is not made explicit and structured.

The sources

Nonaka, I. & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge-Creating Company. Oxford University Press.
DeLong, D. W. (2004). Lost Knowledge: Confronting the Threat of an Aging Workforce. Oxford University Press.

What we measure at your site: the documentary blind spots detected and their conversion into validated cards — the gap filled is counted, question by question.
📐 Public methodology

End-to-end traceability — the discipline of scientific reviews

In Manent

From the arrival inventory (each file, its status, its quote) to the audit report, every document, excerpt and answer is traceable. Nothing enters or leaves the system without a trace.

The principle

The credibility of a synthesis rests on the traceability of each element back to its source — the discipline that PRISMA 2020 imposes on scientific reviews, applied here to technical documentation.

The source

Page, M. J. et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ.

What we measure at your site: the readiness audit report — score by dimension, problems-first inventory, before/after each improvement.
📐 Public methodology · 🔬 Study

Return-on-investment case — risk-adjusted scenarios, not a promise

In Manent

Three scenarios (conservative, typical, favorable), every assumption visible and adjustable, and signals measured on your corpus. After go-live, the actual return measured in use replaces the projection.

The principles and sources

Structure inspired by the public principles of Forrester's Total Economic Impact™ methodology — risk-adjusted benefits, transparent assumptions (public text: forrester.com/policies/tei). Manent is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by Forrester.
McKinsey Global Institute (2012). The Social Economy. "Interaction workers" — managers, engineers, professionals and administrative staff — spend nearly 20% of their week searching for internal information or the person who knows; a searchable knowledge base can recover up to 35% of that, roughly 6% of the week returned to value-adding tasks.

What we measure at your site: questions handled vs escalated, time saved, field satisfaction — measured in real use, visible in your dashboard.
🛡 Standard and legal framework

Confidentiality and isolation — one space per client, rights per person

In Manent

An isolated space per client (your data never crosses another's), hierarchical roles, an event log, and both the search and the erasure of a person's information on request.

The framework

The Québec framework for the protection of personal information: consent, minimization, right to erasure, demonstrable accountability.

The source

Loi 25 (LQ 2021, c. 25) — Act to modernize legislative provisions as regards the protection of personal information, Québec. Official text on LégisQuébec; all provisions have been in force since September 2024. General information — this is not legal advice.

What we measure at your site: registers kept per client space, a consultable access log, per-person erasure that is executable and traced.
🔬 Scientific research

The field, hands busy — from mobile to glasses

In Manent

The assistant follows the technician on mobile: question dictated, sourced answer, a card guided one question at a time. Augmented-reality glasses are being prepared — the phone remains the brain, the glasses a display.

The principle

In-task, hands-busy assistance is an axis documented since the origin of industrial augmented reality.

The source

Caudell, T. P. & Mizell, D. W. (1992). Augmented Reality: An Application of Heads-Up Display Technology to Manual Manufacturing Processes. IEEE HICSS.

What we measure at your site: before any pilot, a non-negotiable rule — never look at the display during a maneuver or a dangerous operation.

Want to see these principles at work on your own documents? Request the readiness audit — the report is yours, whether you continue with us or not.